The world’s largest social media platforms Facebook, Twitter, TikTok and others will have to crack down on illegal and harmful content or else face hefty fines under the European Union’s Digital Services Act from as early as August 25.

The European Commission today will designate 19 very large online platforms (VLOPs) and search engines that will fall under the scrutiny of the wide-ranging online content law. These firms will face strict requirements including swiftly removing illegal content, ensuring minors are not targeted with personalized ads and limiting the spread of disinformation and harmful content like cyberbullying.

“With great scale comes great responsibility,” said the EU’s Internal Market Commissioner Thierry Breton in a briefing with journalists. “As of August 25, in other words, exactly four months [from] now, online platforms and search engines with more than 45 million active users … will have stronger obligation.”

The designated companies with over 45 million users in the EU include:

— Eight social media platforms, namely Facebook, TikTok, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest and Snapchat;

— Five online marketplaces, namely Amazon, Booking, AliExpres, Google Shopping and Zalando;

— Other platforms, including Apple and Google’s app stores, Google Maps and Wikipedia, and search engines Google and Bing.

These large platforms will have to stop displaying ads to users based on sensitive data like religion and political opinions. AI-generated content like manipulated videos and photos, known as deepfakes, will have to be labeled.

Companies will also have to conduct yearly assessments of the risks their platforms pose on a range of issues like public health, kids’ safety and freedom of expression. They will be required to lay out their measures for how they are tackling such risks. The first assessment will have to be finalized on August 25. 

“These 19 very large online platforms and search engines will have to redesign completely their systems to ensure a high level of privacy, security and safety of minors with age verification and parental control tools,” said Breton.

External firms will audit their plans. The enforcement team in the Commission will access their data and algorithms to check whether they are promoting a range of harmful content — for example, content endangering public health or during elections.

Fines can go up to 6 percent of their global annual turnover and very serious cases of infringement could result in platforms facing temporary bans.

Breton said one of the first tests for large platforms in Europe will be elections in Slovakia in September because of concerns around “hybrid warfare happening on social media, especially in the context of the war in Ukraine.”

“I am particularly concerned by the content moderation system or Facebook, which is a platform, playing an important role in the opinion building for example for the Slovak society,” said Breton. “Meta needs to carefully investigate its system and fix it, where needed, ASAP.”

The Commission will also go to Twitter in the U.S. at the end of June to check whether the company is ready to comply with the DSA. “At the invitation of Elon Musk, my team and I will carry out a stress test live at Twitter’s headquarters,” added Breton.

TikTok has also asked for the Commission to check whether it will be compliant but no date has been set yet. 

The Commission is also in the process of designating “four to five” additional platforms “in the next few weeks.” Porn platforms like PornHub and YouPorn have said 33 million and 7 million Europeans visit their respective websites every month — meaning they wouldn’t have to face extra requirements to tackle risks they could pose to society.

This article has been updated.